Freebsd

I just found out that FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE will be end-of-life support within 1 month time from now. It’s time to upgrade FreeBSD on one of nas boxes to 14.0-RELEASE. The following is to capture the steps used to perform the upgrade. It’s similar to my old post. SSH into the server, and run tmux or screen. You really don’t want to lose SSH connection during the upgrade. $ ssh kenno@nas2 $ tmux Check the current running version of FreeBSD: root@nas2:~ # freebsd-version 13.2-RELEASE-p11 Make sure the system is up-to-date with all the patches: root@nas2:~ # freebsd-update fetch root@nas2:~ # freebsd-update install root@nas2:~ # pkg update root@nas2:~ # pkg upgrade Upgrade FreeBSD from 13.2 to 14.0 root@nas2:~ # freebsd-update -r 14.0-RELEASE upgrade src component not installed, skipped Looking up update.FreeBSD.org mirrors... 3 mirrors found. Fetching metadata signature for 13.2-RELEASE from update1.freebsd.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Inspecting system... done. The following components of FreeBSD seem to be installed: kernel/generic kernel/generic-dbg world/base world/lib32 The following components of FreeBSD do not seem to be installed: world/base-dbg world/lib32-dbg Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y Fetching metadata signature for 14.0-RELEASE from update1.freebsd.org... done. Fetching metadata index... done. Fetching 1 metadata patches. done. Applying metadata patches... done. Fetching 1 metadata files... done. Inspecting system... Wait for a long while… then when the update process detects changes in some important files, I’m asked to decide what to do by editing that file, pick the desired changes, and save them. For example: The following changes, which occurred between FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE and [0/143] FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE have been merged into /etc/ssh/sshd_config: --- current version +++ new version @@ -87,11 +87,11 @@ #UsePAM yes #AllowAgentForwarding yes #AllowTcpForwarding yes #GatewayPorts no -#X11Forwarding yes +#X11Forwarding no #X11DisplayOffset 10 #X11UseLocalhost yes #PermitTTY yes #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes @@ -104,11 +104,11 @@ #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10:30:100 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none #UseBlacklist no -#VersionAddendum FreeBSD-20230719 +#VersionAddendum FreeBSD-20231004 # no default banner path #Banner none # override default of no subsystems Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y The following changes, which occurred between FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE and FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE have been merged into /etc/sysctl.conf: --- current version +++ new version @@ -1,6 +1,5 @@ -# $FreeBSD$ # # This file is read when going to multi-user and its contents piped thru # ``sysctl'' to adjust kernel values. ``man 5 sysctl.conf'' for details. # Does this look reasonable (y/n)? y To install the downloaded upgrades, run "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install". Perform the update by running the above suggested command. root@nas2:~ # /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install src component not installed, skipped Creating snapshot of existing boot environment... done. Installing updates... Kernel updates have been installed. Please reboot and run "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install" again to finish installing updates. I guess we know what to do next… root@nas2:~ # reboot Connection to nas2 closed by remote host. Connection to nas2 closed. Reconnect to the server with SSH. There is no need to run ’tmux’ session this time. root@nas2:~ # /usr/sbin/freebsd-update install src component not installed, skipped Creating snapshot of existing boot environment... done. Installing updates...rm: ///usr/include/c++/v1/__string: is a directory Restarting sshd after upgrade Performing sanity check on sshd configuration. Stopping sshd. Waiting for PIDS: 863. Performing sanity check on sshd configuration. Starting sshd. Scanning /usr/share/certs/untrusted for certificates... Scanning /usr/share/certs/trusted for certificates... Completing this upgrade requires removing old shared object files. Please rebuild all installed 3rd party software (e.g., programs installed from the ports tree) and then run "/usr/sbin/freebsd-update install" again to finish installing updates. How to rebuild all installed 3rd party software? I’m guessing I need to run pkg update && pkg upgrade. root@nas2:~ # pkg update pkg: Warning: Major OS version upgrade detected. Running "pkg bootstrap -f" recommended Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... pkg: Repository FreeBSD has a wrong packagesite, need to re-create database Fetching meta.conf: 100% 178 B 0.2kB/s 00:01 Fetching data.pkg: 100% 7 MiB 3.6MB/s 00:02 Processing entries: 100% FreeBSD repository update completed. 34072 packages processed. All repositories are up to date. Love the suggestion about running pkg bootstrap -f. root@nas2:~ # pkg bootstrap -f The package management tool is not yet installed on your system. Do you want to fetch and install it now? [y/N]: y Bootstrapping pkg from pkg+http://pkg.FreeBSD.org/FreeBSD:14:amd64/quarterly, please wait... Verifying signature with trusted certificate pkg.freebsd.org.2013102301... done Installing pkg-1.21.3... package pkg is already installed, forced install Extracting pkg-1.21.3: 100% This time, I should be able to continue updating the 3rd party software. root@nas2:~ # pkg update Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... FreeBSD repository is up to date. All repositories are up to date. root@nas2:~ # pkg upgrade Updating FreeBSD repository catalogue... FreeBSD repository is up to date. All repositories are up to date. Updating database digests format: 100% Checking for upgrades (44 candidates): 100% Processing candidates (44 candidates): 100% The following 43 package(s) will be affected (of 0 checked): Installed packages to be REINSTALLED: binutils-2.40_5,1 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') bsdinfo-0.22_2 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') btop-1.3.2 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') dmidecode-3.5 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') ...<SNIP>... tmux-3.3a_2 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') tree-sitter-0.22.2 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') unibilium-2.1.1_1 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') zstd-1.5.6 (ABI changed: 'freebsd:13:x86:64' -> 'freebsd:14:x86:64') Number of packages to be reinstalled: 43 395 MiB to be downloaded. Proceed with this action? [y/N]: y That’s it! ...

FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE just got relesed at the end of last month, and I wanted to upgrade my NAS server running FreeBSD 13.x-RELEASE to 14.0. Using the installation instruction from [1], I was able to upgrade smoothly without any issues. Here are the steps: # freebsd-update fetch # freebsd-update install # freebsd-update upgrade -r 14.0-RELEASE # freebsd-update install Reboot: # reboot After rebooting, freebsd-update(8)[2] needs to be run again to install the new userland components: ...

I recently got IPv6 running at home, with most devices including my iPhone happily get an IPv6 assigned. My NAS running FreeBSD13.2 currently only has an IPv4 assigned, so I’m going to configure IPv6 for it too. I’m still new to IPv6. The way I have it setup on my router, running OPNsense, is to set the “Router Advertisements” to “Unmanaged” with DHCPv6 disabled. “Unmanaged” for SLAAC (A flag), and SLAAC stands for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration. In simple term, each client will pick its own IPv6 based on the route prefix advertised by the router. This is just a simplification, and you should not quote for me this. ...

I feel upgrading FreeBSD from 13.0 to 13.1 is so minor that it might not worth a blog post. The thing is, I just did this upgrade on one of my 2 nas servers a month ago, and now I forgot how to do this already. This post should be short, and I will include the reference(s) at the end if you’d like to learn more about this update process. ...

A quick note for me to remind myself how to stop/start network service on FreeBSD (13.0). To stop or start, run one of the following commands: # service netif stop # service netif start To restart, just replace stop or start with restart: # service netif restart I also just found out that the above commands will nto restarting the routing service, as they only stop/start/restart network. To restart the routing service on FreeBSD, run: ...